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National Mental Health Programme (Hinglish)

National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)

Introduction

Mental health issues duniya bhar mein kaafi aam hain aur yeh har tarah ke logon ko prabhavit karti hain. Bahut se adults kabhi na kabhi anxiety, fatigue, ya sleeplessness jaise lakshan anubhav karte hain, aur har saat mein se ek vyakti ko apne jeevan mein kisi na kisi roop mein ek diagnosable mental health disorder ka samna karna padta hai.

Burden of Disease

1993 mein World Bank ke ek report ne bataya ki mental health disorders, healthy life years ke loss ka karan bante hain, aur yeh diarrhea, malaria, worm infestations aur tuberculosis se zyada khatarnak hain jab inhe alag-alag dekha jaye. 2020 tak, yeh anuman lagaya gaya tha ki mental health conditions global burden of disease ka 15% hissa hongi.

Bharat mein pichle 20 saalon mein kiye gaye kai epidemiological studies yeh dikhate hain ki psychiatric disorders yahan utne hi aam hain jitne videsh mein. In disorders ki prevalence 18 se 207 per 1,000 logon ke beech hai, aur iska average 65.4 per 1,000 hai. Kisi bhi samay, lagbhag 2-3% jansankhya gambhir aur asamarthak mental health conditions ya epilepsy se joojh rahi hoti hai. Durbhagya se, inmein se adhiktar log rural areas mein rehte hain jahan mental health care ki facilities ki kami hai. Saath hi, general outpatient departments (OPD) mein aaye hue kai adults ko mental health issues ka samna hota hai, lekin kai cases miss ho jate hain kyunki health care providers aksar mental health ke symptoms ke baare mein sawal nahi poochte, jiska nateeja unnecessary tests aur treatments hota hai.

The National Mental Health Programme

Mental health ka significant burden aur sevaon ki kami ko dekhte hue, Bharat sarkar ne 1982 mein National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) launch kiya.

Is programme ka dhyan teen mukhya kshetron par hai:

1. Treatment un logon ke liye jo mental illness se grasit hain.

2. Rehabilitation unke liye jo prabhavit hue hain.

3. Positive mental health ke liye prevention aur promotion.

Aims

NMHP ke aims hain:

Mental aur neurological disorders ke saath unse judi disabilities ka prevention aur treatment karna.
Mental health care ko general health services mein integrate karna mental health technology ke madhyam se.
National development mein mental health ke siddhanton ka istemal karke quality of life ko behtar banana.

Objectives

NMHP ke pramukh objectives hain:

Sabhi logon ke liye, khaaskar kamzor aur vanchit varg ke logon ke liye, minimum mental health care services ki uplabdhata aur pahuch sunishchit karna.
General health care aur social development mein mental health gyaan ka prayog ko badhava dena.
Community ko mental health services ke vikas mein bhaagidari ke liye prerit karna aur self-help initiatives ko badhava dena.

Strategies

In aims ko paane ke liye programme kuch mukhya strategies ka palan karta hai:

NMHP ke madhyam se mental health care ko primary health care ke saath integrate karna.
Mental disorders ke treatment ke liye tertiary care institutions ka pravadhan karna.
Mental illness ke stigma ko mitane aur mental health conditions wale logo ke adhikaron ka rakshan karne ke liye Central Mental Health Authority aur State Mental Health Authorities jaise sansthano ka gathan karna.

Mental Health Care

Mental health treatment ko healthcare system ke vibhin staron par prathmikta di gayi hai, jaise ki:

Gaon aur sub-center level par primary care
Primary Health Centers (PHC)
District hospitals
Mental hospitals aur psychiatric teaching units

District Mental Health Programme

Yeh programme district level par mental health care par kendrit hai, jisme nimnalikhit components shamil hain:

Har state mein identified Nodal Institutes par mental health team ke sabhi karyakartao ka training programme.
Mental health ke prati jagrukta badhane aur stigma kam karne ke liye public education campaigns.
Jaldi diagnosis aur treatment ke liye OPD aur indoor services ka pravadhan.
Community se mila data aur anubhav, state aur central governments ko future planning, services mein sudhar aur research ke liye pradan karna.

Support and Funding

World Bank aur WHO jaise antar-rashtriya sansthano ko programme ke vibhin components mein support dene ke liye sampark kiya gaya hai. Bharat sarkar dwara state governments aur nodal institutes ko pehle paanch saal tak funding pradan ki jati hai, jisme staff ki tankhwa, equipment, gaadi, dawa, stationary, training aadi ka kharcha shamil hota hai. Paanch saal ke baad, in sansthano ko apne aap chalana hota hai. Central Mental Health Authority, jo Bharat sarkar dwara gathit hai, Mental Health Act 1986 ke implementation ko monitor karti hai. State Mental Health Authorities ko bhi aise hi karya karne ke liye gathit kiya gaya hai.

Monitoring and Oversight

National Human Rights Commission bhi Bharat sarkar ke saath milkar mental hospitals mein conditions ko monitor karta hai, taki quality care ko sunishchit kiya ja sake aur joint studies ke recommendations ke anusaar sudhar kiya ja sake.

National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)

National Mental Health Programme

Introduction

Mental health issues are incredibly common across the world, affecting people from all walks of life. Many adults experience symptoms like anxiety, fatigue, or sleeplessness at some point, and one in seven individuals will face a diagnosable mental health disorder in their lifetime.

Burden of Disease

In 1993, a World Bank report revealed that mental health disorders cause a greater loss of healthy life years than diseases like diarrhea, malaria, worm infestations, and tuberculosis when considered individually. By 2020, mental health conditions were estimated to account for 15% of the global burden of disease.

In India, epidemiological studies over the past 20 years show that psychiatric disorders are as common here as they are globally. The prevalence of these disorders ranges between 18 to 207 per 1,000 people, with a median of 65.4 per 1,000. At any given time, 2-3% of the population is dealing with serious, debilitating mental health conditions or epilepsy. Unfortunately, most of these individuals live in rural areas with limited access to mental health care. Furthermore, a significant percentage of adults visiting general outpatient departments are diagnosed with mental health issues, but many cases go undetected because health care providers often fail to ask about mental health symptoms, leading to unnecessary tests and treatments.

The National Mental Health Programme

Recognizing the significant mental health burden and the lack of adequate services, the Government of India launched the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) in 1982.

The programme focuses on three key areas:

1. Treatment for people with mental illnesses

2. Rehabilitation for those affected

3. Prevention and promotion of positive mental health

Aims

The NMHP aims to:

Prevent and treat mental and neurological disorders along with their associated disabilities.
Integrate mental health care into general health services through the use of mental health technology.
Apply mental health principles to national development, enhancing the quality of life for all.

Objectives

The main objectives of the NMHP are:

Ensure that basic mental health care services are available and accessible to all, especially to vulnerable and underserved populations.
Promote the use of mental health knowledge in general health care and community development.
Encourage community participation in the development of mental health services, fostering self-help initiatives.

Strategies

To achieve these goals, the programme follows several key strategies:

Integrating mental health care into primary health care through the NMHP.
Establishing tertiary care facilities for treating mental disorders.
Addressing the stigma surrounding mental illness and safeguarding the rights of people with mental health conditions through institutions like the Central Mental Health Authority and State Mental Health Authorities.

Mental Health Care

Mental health treatment is prioritized across various levels of the health care system, including:

Village and sub-center primary care
Primary Health Centers (PHC)
District hospitals
Mental hospitals and psychiatric teaching units

District Mental Health Programme

This programme focuses on mental health care at the district level with the following components:

Training all mental health team members at designated Nodal Institutes in each state.
Raising public awareness and reducing stigma through education campaigns.
Providing early diagnosis and treatment through outpatient and inpatient services.
Collecting data and insights from the community to help improve future planning, services, and research.

Support and Funding

International agencies like the World Bank and WHO have been engaged to support different aspects of the programme. The Government of India provides funding to state governments and nodal institutes for the first five years, covering staff salaries, equipment, vehicles, medicines, and training. After five years, these institutions are expected to become self-sustaining. The Central Mental Health Authority, established by the government, monitors the implementation of the Mental Health Act of 1986. State Mental Health Authorities have also been set up to oversee similar functions at the local level.

Monitoring and Oversight

The National Human Rights Commission, alongside the Government of India, monitors mental hospitals to ensure quality care and compliance with recommendations from joint studies.

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